Performance and Emission Analysis of a Diesel Engine Retrofitted with a Gunmetal-Based Porous Medium in the Cylinder Head
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of non-linear compressible flow dynamics in supersonic propulsion systems using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The study focuses on modelling and analysing the behaviour of supersonic flow within a converging-diverging nozzle, emphasizing key flow parameters such as pressure, temperature, and Mach number distributions. Utilizing the compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the k-ω SST turbulence model, the simulation accurately captures the interactions of shock waves, expansion fans, and boundary layers. Results show a significant pressure drop from 500,000 Pa to 160,801 Pa, and a temperature decrease from 300 K to 204 K as the flow expands and accelerates to Mach 2.0. These findings validate the nozzle’s design, demonstrating efficient energy conversion from thermal to kinetic energy, with minimal flow separation and shock-induced losses. The smooth profiles of key parameters indicate the absence of strong shock waves and boundary layer separation, critical for optimal nozzle performance. This research provides valuable insights into supersonic propulsion systems' flow dynamics, offering a foundation for optimizing nozzle geometries and enhancing propulsion efficiency. Future work will explore more complex flow conditions, including multi-phase flows and chemical reactions in high-temperature environments.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
IJCERT Policy:
The published work presented in this paper is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. This means that the content of this paper can be shared, copied, and redistributed in any medium or format, as long as the original author is properly attributed. Additionally, any derivative works based on this paper must also be licensed under the same terms. This licensing agreement allows for broad dissemination and use of the work while maintaining the author's rights and recognition.
By submitting this paper to IJCERT, the author(s) agree to these licensing terms and confirm that the work is original and does not infringe on any third-party copyright or intellectual property rights.
References
N. Jeyakkannan and B. Nagaraj, “Online monitoring of geological methane storage and leakage based on wireless sensor networks,” Asian J. Chem., vol. 26, 2014.
M. Weclas, “Strategy for intelligent internal combustion engine with homogeneous combustion in cylinder,” Schriftenreihe der Georg-Simon-Ohm-Fachhochschule Nürnberg, no. 26, Apr. 2004.
B. Budania and V. Bishnoi, “A new concept of I.C. engine with homogeneous combustion in a porous medium,” Int. J. Latest Trends Eng. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, May 2012.
K. Chidambaram and P. Tamilporai, “Smart ceramic materials for homogeneous combustion in internal combustion engines – A review,” Therm. Sci., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 153–163, 2009.
C. Kannan and P. Tamilporai, “Enhancement of emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine through porous medium combustion technique,” Int. J. Energy Environ., vol. 2, no. 5, 2011.
M. A. Mujeebu et al., “Applications of porous media combustion technology – A review,” Appl. Energy, vol. 86, no. 9, pp. 1365–1375, 2009.
L. Zhou, M.-Z. Xie, and K. H. Luo, “Numerical study of heat transfer and combustion in IC engine with a porous media piston region,” Appl. Therm. Eng., 2014.
A. Mohammadi, A. Jazayeri, and M. Ziabasharhagh, “Numerical simulation of combustion with porous medium in I.C. engine,” Int. J. Automot. Eng., vol. 2, no. 4, Oct. 2012.
N. R. Kumar, “Exergy analysis of porous medium combustion engine cycle,” ISRN Mech. Eng., vol. 2011, Art. ID 542840, 2011.
Z. Zhiguo and X. Maozhao, “Numerical study on the compression ignition of a porous medium engine,” Sci. China Ser. E-Tech. Sci., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 277–287, Mar. 2008.
S. Vijaykant and A. K. Agrawal, “Liquid fuel combustion within silicon-carbide coated carbon foam,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 32, pp. 117–125, 2007.
N. Balakrishnan and K. Nisi, “A deep analysis on optimization techniques for appropriate PID tuning to incline efficient artificial pancreas,” Neural Comput. Appl., pp. 1–10, 2018.
M. J. S. de Lemos, “Analysis of turbulent combustion in inert porous media,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 37, pp. 331–336, 2010.
M. A. Mujeebu et al., “A review of investigations on liquid fuel combustion in porous inert media,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 216–230, 2009.
W. G. Wang et al., “Emissions from nine heavy trucks fueled by diesel and biodiesel blend without engine modification,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 34, pp. 933–939, 2000.
S. Afsharvahid, P. J. Ashman, and B. B. Dally, “Investigation of NOx conversion characteristics in a porous medium,” Combust. Flame, vol. 152, pp. 604–615, 2008.
T. K. Kayal and M. Chakravarty, “Modeling of trickle flow liquid fuel combustion in inert porous medium,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 49, pp. 975–983, 2006.
S. Wood and A. T. Harris, “Porous burners for lean-burn applications,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., vol. 34, pp. 667–684, 2008.
J. Macek and M. Polasek, “Porous medium combustion in engines may contribute to lower NOx emissions,” Code No. F02V147.
H. Liu, M. Xie, and D. Wu, “Simulation of a porous medium (PM) engine using a two-zone combustion model,” Appl. Therm. Eng., 2009.
F. Avdic, M. Adzic, and F. Durst, “Small scale porous medium combustion system for heat production in households,” Appl. Energy, vol. 87, pp. 2148–2155, 2010.
J. Macek and M. Polášek, “Simulation of porous medium combustion in engines,” Res. Center Project, Minist. Educ., Czech Republic.
J. Macek and M. Polášek, “Via homogeneous combustion to low NOx emission,” Josef Božek Res. Center, Czech Tech. Univ. Prague.
J. E. A. Coutinho and M. J. S. de Lemos, “Laminar flow with combustion in inert porous media,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 39, pp. 896–903, 2012.
M. Weclas, J. Cypris, and T. M. A. Maksoud, “Thermodynamic properties of real porous combustion reactor under diesel engine-like conditions,” J. Thermodyn., vol. 2012, Art. ID 798104, 2012.
F. Illán and M. Alarcon, “Numerical analysis of combustion and transient heat transfer processes in a two-stroke SI engine,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 30, pp. 2469–2475, 2010.
A. Narasimhan, Essentials of Heat and Fluid Flow in Porous Media. Ane Books Pvt. Ltd., 2013.
A. A. Dhale, G. K. Awari, and M. P. Singh, “Analysis of internal combustion engine with a new concept of porous medium combustion for the future clean engine,” Therm. Sci., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 943–956, 2010.