Design of Enhanced Skin-Implantable Patch Antenna for Wireless Biomedical Applications
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Abstract
In this paper presents a miniaturized patch antenna designed for skin implantation in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.40-2.50 GHz). The finite element method using HFSS simulation software was used for simulation purposes. In a homogeneous skin phantom, the proposed antenna achieved a reflection coefficient (S11) of -70.021 dB and a corresponding peak gain of -19.16 dBi at the resonating frequency of 2.418 GHz. The antenna demonstrated a frequency band of 501 MHz (2.252-2.753 GHz) and a percentage bandwidth of 20.1%. Additionally, the calculated maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) met the safety standards outlined by IEEE C95.1-1999 and C95.1-2005. Compared to other designed antennas, the proposed antenna exhibited lower SAR values, higher gain, and improved scattering parameters (S11). To ensure the safety of human tissue, the allowable input power was also calculated. These results indicate that the proposed antenna is suitable for implantable applications.
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