Investigation of Various Image Steganography Techniques in Spatial Domain
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this internet era the security of information has become a big concern. People are communicating over internet. Their communication can be made secure through information hiding technique known as steganography .It is a Greek world which literally means enclosed writing. Image steganography is very popular because it exploits the weakness of human visual system and also large amount of redundant bits are present in digital representation of an image. In this paper various image steganography techniques in spatial domain are investigated.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
IJCERT Policy:
The published work presented in this paper is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. This means that the content of this paper can be shared, copied, and redistributed in any medium or format, as long as the original author is properly attributed. Additionally, any derivative works based on this paper must also be licensed under the same terms. This licensing agreement allows for broad dissemination and use of the work while maintaining the author's rights and recognition.
By submitting this paper to IJCERT, the author(s) agree to these licensing terms and confirm that the work is original and does not infringe on any third-party copyright or intellectual property rights.
References
Chan, Chi-Kwong, and Lee-Ming Cheng “Hiding data in images by simple LSB substitution”, Pattern recognition, 2004, pp 469-474
D. C. Wu, and W. H. Tsai, “A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing”, Patter Recognition Letters, vol.24,2003, pp.1613- 1626.
J. Mielikainen,“LSB matching revisited.” Signal Processing Letters, IEEE, Vol 13, Issue 5, 2006, pp 285-287.
Li, Xiaolong, et al. “A generalization of LSB matching” Signal Processing Letters, IEEE, Vol 16, Issue 2, 2009, pp 69-72.
Fatema Akhter ”A Novel Approach for Image Steganography in Spatial Domain” Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology Graphics & Vision,Vol.13 ,Issue 7,2013,
Ling Xi, Xijian Ping, Tao Zhang “Improved LSD Matching Steganography Resisting Histogram Attacks”, Computer Science and Information Technology(ICCSIT),Vol.1,2010,pp 203-206.
P. Thiyagarajan, G. Aghila “Reversible dynamic secure steganography for medical image using graph coloring”, Health Policy and Technology, vol. 2,Issue 3,sep 2013,pp 151–161.
Hayat Al-Dmour, Ahmed Al-Ani “A Steganography Embedding Method Based On Edge Identification and XOR coding”, Expert System with Applications, vol. 46, March 2016,pp 293-306.
Jie Hu , Tianrui “Reversible Steganography using extended image interpolation technique”, Computers and Electrical Engineering Vol.46, Issue C, August 2015,pp 447-455.
Mingwei Tang, Shenke Zeng, Xiaoliang Chen, Jie Hu, Yajun Du “An adaptive steganography technique using AMBTC compression and interpolation technique,” International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Vol.127, Issue 1, January 2016,pp 471-477.
J. K. Mandal and Debashis Das “Colour Image Steganography Based on Pixel Value Differencing in spatial domain,” International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.2, No.4, July 2012. pp. 83-93.
H. C. Wu, N.I. Wu, C.S. Tsai, and M.S. Hwang, “Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods”, IEEE Proceedings Vision, Image and Signal Processing, vol.152, No.5,2005, pp.611-615.
C. H. Yang, C.Y. Weng, S. J. Wang, and H. M. Sun “Varied PVD+LSB evading programs to spatial domain in data embedding”, The Journal of Systems and Software, vol.83,2010, pp.1635-1643.