Content-Based Image Retrieval in Cloud Using Watermark Protocol and Searchable Encryption
Main Article Content
Abstract
With the development of imaging devices, such as digital cameras, smartphones, and medical imaging equipment, our world has witnessed tremendous growth in the quantity, availability, and importance of images. The need for efficient image storage and retrieval services has been reinforced by the increase in large-scale image databases across various domains. However, compared to text documents, images consume much more storage space, making their maintenance a typical example for cloud storage outsourcing. For privacy-preserving purposes, sensitive images, such as medical and personal images, need to be encrypted before outsourcing, rendering the existing CBIR (Content-Based Image Retrieval) technologies in plaintext domain unusable. To address this challenge and secure the data in the cloud, the proposed system supports CBIR over encrypted images without leaking sensitive information to the cloud server. The process involves extracting feature vectors to represent the corresponding images. Subsequently, pre-filter tables are constructed using locality-sensitive hashing to enhance search efficiency. Moreover, the feature vectors are protected by the secure kNN (k-Nearest Neighbors) algorithm, while image pixels are encrypted using a standard stream cipher. In addition, the system considers the possibility of authorized query users illegally copying and distributing the retrieved images to unauthorized individuals. To address this concern, a watermark-based protocol is employed to deter such illegal distributions. In this protocol, a unique watermark is directly embedded into the encrypted images by the cloud server before transmitting them to the query user. Consequently, if an illegal image copy is found, the unlawful query user responsible for distributing the image can be traced through watermark extraction. By employing these techniques, the proposed system ensures the privacy and security of sensitive images while enabling efficient content-based retrieval over encrypted data in cloud storage environments.
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