OBD-II and Catalytic Converter to Maintain Low - Emission from I.C. Engine in India
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Abstract
We know that catalytic converter is converting harmful gases to harmless gases. Due to the engine combustion process the catalyst encourages two chemical to reach with each other and for example, Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) and Carbon di-Oxide (CO² ) and the catalyst in the NOx converter splits the Nitrogen from the Oxygen.
OBD-II, systems were designed to maintain low emissions of in use vehicles, including light and medium duty vehicles. In 1989, the California code of Regulations (CCR) known as OBD – II was adopted by the California Air Resource Board (CARB) and the objective to reduce hydrocarbon (HC) emission caused by malfunction of the vehicles emission control systems.
As per Environment Protection Agency, (EPA) USA, and CARB standards the failure criteria for the catalyst monitor diagnostic are the following:
- MY 96: xLEV’s: converter efficiency: HC converter efficiency < 50 – 60 % on FTP Test.
- EPA MY 98: HC: exceeding 0.6 g/m or increase by 0.4 g/m over the 4000 m value.
- Catalyst heating system: Pre-start heater: attained designed temperature- after- start- heater : Exceeding any of the applicable , FTP standard x 1.5.
It is an important system for diagnostic. The inputs to Enable Catalyst Monitor are: Engine air flow, closed loop stochastic state, coolant temperature, vehicle speed, engine air load, engine speed, throttle position, decal fuel cut of, fuel control requested , fuel control ready , intake air temperature an fault active start. This process determines if the catalyst monitoring is required for steady state condition or for FTP based conditions. Depending on this choice the appropriate catalyst temperature prediction model is used for the diagnostic test.
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References
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